Aestheticism and Philosophy of Art
Shikdar Mohammed Kibriah,
Bangladesh
Part: Two
[Kant’s Aesthetics]
In order to realize the nature of aesthetics and art, we need to study step by step the concepts of aesthete philosophers who are prominent in this subject. First of all, the aesthetic concept of Immanuel Kant can be discussed.
What is the nature of aesthetics? Is it subjective or objective? According to the famous German philosopher Immanuel Kant, it is subjective. The interest or contentment that we have in ourselves is its subject-matter. Although subjective, it is holistic. Because it doesn’t just satisfy the individual, it has a universal appeal. The feeling that emerges in our mind when we see a beautiful object is objective. After perceiving any beautiful object, our minds have peace and we enjoy its beauty. In this sense, it is a satisfaction of desire. But no contribution of volition, desire and activity of intention can be discovered in it, although a communication of willpower seems to be there. This satisfaction is detached. It is that enigmatic sense of absolute purpose that makes up the whole element of beauty.
Kant says that aesthetics is intuitive. The sense of inevitability associated with it is one of the signs of its overall and immediate prominence. What is beautiful is inevitably associated with contentment. But this inevitability is not based on the perceptual object of experience or the intelligible form of experience. It is an inevitability that appeals to the aesthetic pleasure of all peoples of all ages as a common sensibility. If one fails to feel it, it means that the concerned feeler lacks sensitivity.
According to Kant, beauty is conditional and independent. He says, the beauty that has to fill any condition is a conditional beauty and It is not independent. In pure sense, our appreciation of it is not aesthetic too. Whenever the judgment of a work of art is influenced by moral prejudices, practical needs or intellectual considerations, it loses its aesthetic purity. On the other hand, independent beauty is completely free from the consciousness of purpose and interest. For example, the beauty of flowers.He says, there is no special intention attached to the true art. The talent of the artist lies in the preservation of this side of the art. Artistic genius is original, spontaneous, and creative without consciousness of the origination of personal ideas. Artifacts are adequately compatible with nature. That is why, it is not meaningless. It not only imitates nature, but formulates the standards of acceptable form and rules of aesthetic definition. People with an artistic sense are capable of its evaluation.
Regarding the difference between natural and artificial beauty, Kant says, judging natural beauty does not require full knowledge of the subject-matter, but it is necessary to know in advance what the artist wants to depict. In nature the same thing is not beautiful and ugly at the same time. But the advantage of the artist is that he can depict the ugly as well.
It is clear from Kant’s view that a non-aesthetic or non-artistic object or subject can become aesthetic or artistic by virtue of the genius of the artist. Conversely, an artistic subject can also be inartistic due to the error of the artist. In order to preserve the beauty of true art, Kant says that the artist must be associated with the aesthetic feelings of others and must verify his creative talent in the light of it.
It is a matter of attention that while Kant denies the aesthetic purity of conditional beauty in the case of natural beauty, he thus conditions the aesthetic of the artist. However, what is the standard of aesthetic feeling of others and what is the method of unity with it, how much unity is possible and whether it is possible or not at all, all of these remain questionable.
It is true that whatever is conditioned is limited. In Kant’s aesthetics, the artist’s freedom is thus somewhat limited. Which seems to contradict his theory of
” In artistic judgment, aesthetic purity is lost to moral reformation, practical necessity or intellectual consideration”. But he did not give us any chance to consider this conflict extremely. In the case of aesthetic purity or judgment of art, his opinion about the unapplicabilty of these objective elements is not taken in the form of an extreme decision. Because he called aesthetics “purposiveness without purpose” or ” needless need”. He says that it is “individual’, but ‘universal’. “Purposiveness without purpose” is supposed to be an idealist reflection of the coherent resonance of Kant’s overall philosophy. Although he says God, soul and afterlife etc. unprovable as the concepts of pure being, he admits the inevitability of their existence as an ideal or practical entities of good intelligence. Purposeless purposiveness is similar to that.
He said, just as the order and regularity of nature indicate the existence of God as the cause of the world, the various beautiful objects in nature also indicate the concept or purpose of beauty as the cause of their beauty. In a conclusion of Kant’s aesthetic we find that the artwork is purposeful, even though it apparently seems to be purposeless. Although not a provider of external needs, it naturally fulfills any need.
NB. LINK for Part: 1
https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2476617682504783&id=100004697263153&mibextid=Nif5oz

āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ
āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻĻāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻšāĻžāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻĻ āĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻžāĻš,
āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ
āĻĒāĻžāĻ : āĻĻā§āĻ
[āĻāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϰ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž]
āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ āĻā§? āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻāϤ āύāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻāϤ? āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϝāĻžāϤ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻļāύāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§ā§ā§āϞ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻ-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§, āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻāϤāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻŦāĻž āϤā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšā§, āϤāĻž-āĻ āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻāϤ āĻšāϞā§āĻ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, āϤāĻž āĻļā§āϧ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻā§ āϤā§āĻĒā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž, āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻāύā§āύ āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāύ⧠āϝ⧠āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšā§, āϤāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻļāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āĻāĻĒāĻā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āύ āĻ
āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύ, āĻŦāĻžāϏāύāĻž āĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āύāĻž, āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϝā§āĻāĻžāϝā§āĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϤā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϏā§āĻĒā§āĻš āϤā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ-āĻ āĻšā§āĻā§āĻžāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§ā§āĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤāĨ¤
āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāĻā§āώāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϧ āĻā§āĻŋāϤ, āϤāĻž āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāĻā§āώāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ
āύā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤ āϝāĻž āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ, āϤāĻž āϤā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻ āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻŋāĻ āĻāϧā§ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϧāĻāĻŽā§āϝ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āύā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϝāϤāĻž, āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻ
āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϏāĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻļā§āϞāϤāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϏāĻāϞ āϝā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻāϞ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āϤāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšā§, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦā§ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϞāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻŦāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻļā§āϞāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ
āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§, āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻļāϰā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύ āύā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻāϏāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āύā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒāĻāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āϝāĻāύāĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§, āϤāĻāύāĻ āϤāĻž āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĢā§āϞā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻā§āώāĻžāύā§āϤāϰā§, āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻā§āϤāύāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤāĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ, āĻĢā§āϞā§āϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻŦāϞā§āύ, āϝāĻĨāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ āĻāϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝā§āϰ āϝā§āĻ āύā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻāϞāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻāϰāĻā§āώāĻŖā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻž āύāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻļā§āϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ, āϏā§āĻŦāϤāĻāϏā§āĻĢā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāĻŦāϞā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻā§āϤāύāĻž āĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻ āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻļā§āϞāĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒāĻāϰā§āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϝāĻĨā§āώā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻāύā§āϝ āϤāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻšā§āύ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āĻļā§āϧ⧠āĻ
āύā§āĻāϰāĻŖāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž, āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āĻŦāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖā§āύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒāĻŦā§āϧ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āϝāĻž āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžā§āύ⧠āϏāĻā§āώāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻŦāϞā§āύ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϝ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύ āĻšā§ āύāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāύ, āϤāĻž āĻāĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻ āĻā§ā§āϏāĻŋāϤ āύā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻāĻ āϝā§, āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻā§ā§āϏāĻŋāϤāĻā§āĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϰ āĻ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŽāϤ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āϝā§, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ
-āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻļā§āϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŖā§ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžā§, āĻļā§āϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āϤā§āϰā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āĻ
āĻļā§āϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āϏāĻāϰāĻā§āώāĻŖā§ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻāĻāύā§āϝāĻ āĻŦāϞā§āύ, āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝā§āϰ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻžāϤā§āĻŽ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāϞā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝā§āϰ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻ
āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϞā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝā§āϰ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ, āĻāϤāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāϤāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĻā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāĻŋ-āύāĻž āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϏāĻžāĻĒā§āĻā§āώ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāϤā§āϝ āϝā§, āϝāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ, āϤāĻž-āĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϰ āύāύā§āĻĻāύāϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻĒā§ā§āĨ¤ āϝāĻž āϤāĻžāĻāϰ ” āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻžā§ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§” āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻžāĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻā§ āĻā§ā§āĻžāύā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻžāϰ āϏā§āϝā§āĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ āĻāĻĒāϝā§āĻāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻĒāϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŽāϤāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāĻŽ āĻā§āύ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāύā§āϤā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ ” āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻšā§āύ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϤāĻž” āĻŦāĻž ” āĻ
āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύ” (purposiveness without purpose) āĻŦāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻŦāϞā§āύ, ‘ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ’ āĻšā§ā§āĻ ‘ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ’āĨ¤
āĻāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āϰ āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦā§āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āĻāύāĻž, āϤāĻžāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāϰ ” āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻšā§āύ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϤāĻž” āĻā§ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāϰā§āĻļā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϧ āϏāϤā§āϤāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāϰ, āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻž āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻāĻžāϞ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ-āĻ
āϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāϞā§āĻ āĻļā§āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ āϏāϤā§āϤāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻ
āϏā§āϤāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϝāϤāĻž āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻšā§āύ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϤāĻž āĻāϰāĻāĻŽāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āĻāύāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞā§āύ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻļā§āĻā§āĻāϞāĻž āĻ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤāĻž āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāϰā§āϰ āĻ
āϏā§āϤāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰā§, āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻ āϤā§āĻŽāύāĻŋ āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϰ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϏāĻāĻšāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āϝā§, āĻāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻšāϞā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒāĻāϰā§āĻŽ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŦā§āϧāĻāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āώāĻ āύāĻž āĻšāϞā§āĻ āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒāϤ āϤāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύāĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
[āĻāϞāĻŦā§]
Copyrighted@Shikdar Mohammed KibriahShikdar Mohammed Kibriah









